> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://lorros.gitbook.io/lorros-guide/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://lorros.gitbook.io/lorros-guide/meetings-1/conducting-a-meeting/motions/voting-validity-pass-fail.md).

# Voting (validity/pass/fail)

A quorum of members *(see* [*Conducting a Meeting*](/lorros-guide/meetings-1/conducting-a-meeting.md) *–* [*Motions* ](/lorros-guide/meetings-1/conducting-a-meeting/motions.md)*–* [*Quorum*](/lorros-guide/meetings-1/conducting-a-meeting/motions/quorum.md)*)* must have participated in the voting on a motion in order for that vote to be valid. A member who chooses to abstain is considered to have participated in the vote. If there are not enough members participating, then LORROS does not tabulate the results and, effectively, the motion fails.

For a motion to pass, there have to be more votes in favour than against. A tie vote defeats the motion.

An example of all of this: a group has 9 members, the LORROS quorum is 5

| **Participating Members** | **For**   | **Against** | **Abstain** | **Outcome**       |
| ------------------------- | --------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------------- |
| 7 members                 | 4 members | 3 members   | 0 members   | motion passes     |
| 8 members                 | 4 members | 4 members   | 0 members   | motion fails      |
| 5 members                 | 2 members | 1 member    | 2 members   | motion passes     |
| 5 members                 | 1 members | 0 members   | 4 members   | motion passes     |
| 4 members                 | 3 members | 1 members   | 0 members   | motion is invalid |

> *(hopefully, rows 3, 4 and 5 rare situations)*